There are three types of tailings dam commonly used:
- Upstream method:
Upstream tailings dams are built progressively “upstream” of the starter dam by incorporating tailings materials into the dam for support, it requires less land and is economically less costly. However, it has the highest risk of structure failure. - Downstream method:
This method involves extending the dam wall outward by thickening the foundation, which requires more construction space and is economically costlier. However, it significantly reduces the risk of dam collapse. - Centerline method:
Dam building is raised vertically, and its construction combines the principles of both downstream and upstream design concepts. It is less economically costly than the downstream method but has higher risk.